Anna Adamo

Capital Research & Management Co., doing business as Capital World Investors (CWI), is an investment advisor headquartered in Los Angeles, California. The firm is a division of Capital Research & Management Co., which is ultimately owned by the Capital Group of Cos. In 2013, The Capital Group restructured its equity investment group and divided the group based on specific investment objectives rather than around particular products or clients. The investment group is now divided into three independent equity divisions, Capital World Investors, Capital Research Global Investors and Capital International Investors. Each division has the flexibility to manage any of the investment objectives or any of the investment vehicles the Capital Group offers. CWI is the retail entity of the Capital Group.

Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. (CGML) is an international broker-dealer firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1983 and is a subsidiary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Bahamas Ltd., ultimately held by Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C) in the US. CGML has a major presence in the international financial markets as a dealer, market-maker and underwriter in equity and fixed income securities and offers risk-based solutions to producers and investors in commodity markets. They also provide corporate finance services to a wide range of corporate, institutional and government clients. Their trading activities encompass cash, exchange traded and OTC derivative markets.

JPMorgan Securities Plc is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1992 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JP Morgan Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. JPMorgan Securities provides market research, proprietary pricing data and analytics, and trade execution across multiple asset classes such as credit, equities and FX. They help institutional investors, traditional and alternative asset and fund managers, broker dealers and equity issuers meet the demands of changing markets.

Morgan Stanley & Co. International Plc (MSCI) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSCI provides a range of brokerage services to corporations, governments and financial institutions.

Goldman Sachs International (GSI) is the Great Britain-based, wholly-owned brokerage subsidiary of Goldman Sachs Group UK Ltd., ultimately held by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS) in the US. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Trushelfco Ltd. Headquartered in London, GSI provides prime brokerage, securities lending, futures services and financing services for a range of clients such as corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net worth individuals.

Liberum Capital Ltd. (Liberum) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of TN Holdings (BVI) Ltd. in British Virgin Islands. The firm was founded in 2007 by Shane Le Prevost. Headquartered in London, Liberum provides trading and execution services for institutional clients. They bring liquidity into the niches that matter and are market-makers in more than 350 large, mid and small-cap stocks.

Capital Research & Management Co. (Global Investors), do-business-as Capital Research Global Investors (CRGI), is an investment advisor headquartered in Los Angeles, California. The firm is a division of Capital Research & Management Co. (CR&M), the original company of the Capital Group Cos., which was founded in 1931 by Jonathan Bell Lovelace. In 2008, CR&M disaggregated their equity investment operations to become known as Capital Research Global Investors and Capital World Investors. Capital World Investors is the retail entity of the Capital Group. Institutional management services in North America are provided by Capital Guardian. Institutional management services are provided globally by Capital International.

Capital Research & Management Co. (CR&M) is a registered investment advisor headquartered in Los Angeles, California. The firm was founded in 1931 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Capital Group Cos., Inc. CR&M provides investment management services to registered investment companies and other pooled investment vehicles. They also serve as the investment adviser to Capital Bank and Trust Company in their capacity as the trustee of certain collective investment trusts that are exempt from SEC registration.

Investec Bank Plc (Broker) (IBP) is the brokerage arm of Investec Bank Plc, itself a subsidiary of Investec Plc (LON: INVP) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, IBP was founded in 1950 and they offer a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for corporate clients.

Capital International, Inc. (CI) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Los Angeles, California. The firm was founded in 1987 as Capital International Research & Management, Inc. The firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Capital Group International, Inc., ultimately held by The Capital Group Companies, Inc. CI provides investment management and advisory services to a registered investment company, other pooled investment vehicles exempt from registration, corporate entities, pension plans, endowments and foundations, certain affiliated companies, foreign governmental entities and other institutions.

FIL Investment Advisors (UK) Ltd. (FIA UK) is a Great Britain-based fund management firm headquartered in Tadworth, Surrey. Founded in 1984, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Holdings (UK) Limited, which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Ltd. in Bermuda. FIA UK provides a range of global investment products and services to institutional accounts, mutual funds and other pooled investment vehicles.

Nomura International Plc provides a variety of financial services including advisement, investment banking and asset management. It trades in and sells fixed income and equity products, including related derivatives; and provides investment banking services, and corporate finance and private equity services. The company is also involved in asset and principal finance business. It offers investment advisory and management, custody, and employment services. Nomura International was founded in 1981 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Jefferies International Ltd. (JIL) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Jefferies Holdings II Ltd., ultimately held by Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. (NYSE: JEF) in the US. JIL provides broking services to various investors.

Oxford Institute for Energy Studies operates as an energy research institute. Its three main programs include oil, natural gas, and electricity. It publishes analysis of topical global energy issues across production, consumption, markets, policy and regulation. The company is headquartered in Oxford, the United Kingdom.

Standard Chartered Bank Ltd. provides commercial and financial banking services. The firm offers credit cards, personal loans, mortgages, deposit taking and wealth management services to individuals and small to medium sized enterprises. It provides trade, finance, cash management, lending, securities services, foreign exchange, debt capital markets, and corporate finance services to corporate and institutional clients. The company is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

BNP Paribas (London Branch) is the Great Britain-based brokerage division of BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1986. BNP Paribas (London Branch) offers a wide range of products and services to corporate, institutional, commodities, market making and broking clients.

Part of JPMorgan Chase & Co., JPMorgan Securities (Taiwan) Ltd. is a Taiwanese financial services company founded in 1990. The company is based in Taipei, Taiwan and offers solutions to corporations, governments, and institutions. The company's commercial card program helps employees spend less time on expense data, and they host the largest healthcare investment symposium in the industry, the annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference.

HSBC Bank Plc (Broker) (HSBC Bank-Broker) is the broker/dealer division of HSBC Bank Plc, which is owned by HSBC Holdings Plc (LON: HSBA; NYSE: HSBC) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, HSBC Bank-Broker was founded in 1880 and offers bespoke brokerage services across every major asset class for their corporate and institutional clients.

PIMCO Europe Ltd. (PIMCO-Europe) is the Great Britain-based subsidiary of PIMCO Global Advisors LLC, ultimately held by Allianz SE (FR: ALV; ADR: AZSEY) in Germany. Established in 1997, PIMCO-Europe is headquartered in London with additional branches in Europe and global offices in Asia, Australia, and the Americas. The firm provides fixed-income investment management services to clients in Great Britain, Europe and the Middle East. In addition to corporate pension funds, their clientele includes foundations, endowments, public retirement plans, central banks and corporate treasury departments. They also serve retail and high-net worth individuals. PIMCO Europe manages discretionary accounts, institutional funds and mutual funds. The firm is involved in the institutional wholesale business, and sub-advises portfolios for third-party fund-of-fund managers.

Jefferies LLC is a global investment bank and institutional securities firm headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1962 and is a subsidiary of Jefferies Group LLC, ultimately held by Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. (NYSE: JEF). Jefferies provides corporate clients with research and execution services in equity, fixed income, and foreign exchange markets, as well as a full range of investment banking services such as underwriting, mergers and acquisitions, restructuring and recapitalization, and other advisory services, with all businesses operating in the Americas, Europe and Asia.

Cognis Capital LLP is an independent, alternative asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. Formerly known as Cognis Capital Partners LLP, the firm was founded by Myra Tabor as a partnership in 2003 through a spin-off from the SIG-Special Investments Group of The Royal Bank of Scotland plc (LSE: RBS), with the support of JP Morgan Partners. Cognis Capital offers a range of alternative investment strategies for European and US institutional clients.

Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Ltd. (Credit Suisse Europe) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of Credit Suisse Investment Holdings (UK), itself a subsidiary of Credit Suisse Group AG (SWX: CSGN) in Switzerland. The firm was founded in 1966 and formerly known as Credit Suisse First Boston (Europe) Ltd. Headquartered in London, Credit Suisse Europe arranges financing in international capital markets, provides financial advisory services and acts as a dealer in securities, derivatives and foreign exchange on a principal and agency basis for corporate and institutional investors.

FIL Investments International (FILII) is an asset management firm headquartered in Tadworth, UK. The firm was founded in 1979 and is a subsidiary of FIL Holdings (UK) Ltd., which is ultimately held by FIL Ltd. in Bermuda. FILII provides investment advisory and management services to their clients.

Cornell University is an educational institution that offers undergraduate and post graduate programs. It was founded in 1865 and is based in Ithaca, NY.

UBS AG's (NYSE: UBS) New York City-based wealth management arm is known as UBS Private Banking (US). The firm provides a range of customized wealth management products and services for private clients.

Sanford C. Bernstein (Hong Kong) Ltd. (Bernstein HK) is an investment research firm headquartered in Hong Kong. The firm was founded in 2010 and is a subsidiary of AllianceBernstein International LLC, itself a subsidiary of Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH) in the US. Bernstein HK delivers sell-side, fundamental research and execution services to institutional clients globally.

Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. KG (United Kingdom) (Berenberg-UK) is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer division of Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. KG, a multinational full-service investment bank in Germany. Headquartered in London, Berenberg-UK was founded in 2003 and provides trading and brokerage services to institutional and corporate clients.

Western Asset Management Co. Ltd. (Western Asset UK) is the Great Britain-based investment management subsidiary of Legg Mason Global Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in the US. Founded in 1986, Western Asset UK is headquartered in London and devotes all their resources to fixed-income investment management and client services for a range of global clients across a variety of mandates.