Philip Dunne

Manufactures aircraft and rocket engines and parts

Functions as a private equity fund

Ruffer aims to deliver consistent positive returns – whatever happens in financial markets. The firm actively manages investments, mainly in conventional assets, and operates freely, without restrictive benchmarks. In all they do, they seek to be responsible investors, integrating environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) issues into their investment process. Ruffer always holds investments in what they call growth and protection. They hold these alongside each other, changing the allocation to each over time. The growth assets are typically equities. The protective assets are usually a combination of conventional and index–linked bonds, currencies, derivatives and exposure to commodities.

Functions as a sovereign level government authority