Donald Chua

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

Meezan Balanced Fund is a closed-end balanced fund, which is a tool that provides exposure to both equity and debt markets through a single fund. The company was founded on December 20, 2004, and is headquartered in Karachi, Pakistan.

Goldman Sachs (Singapore) Pte. (Goldman Sachs-Singapore) is the brokerage subsidiary of New York-based Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS), a global investment bank that offers financial services to corporations, institutions, governments and high-net worth individuals. Headquartered in Singapore, the firm opened in 1989 and is the regional hub for the group's activities in Southeast Asia, particularly asset management and energy trading. Goldman Sachs-Singapore provides a full range of corporate finance and capital markets products and services across a wide range of operating areas. Business functions include capital structuring advisory, and security services.

Merrill Lynch Far East Ltd. is the stockbroking subsidiary of Merrill Lynch HK Services Ltd., ultimately owned by Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC) in the US. Headquartered in Hong Kong, the firm was founded in 2003 and offers a broad range of brokerage services to institutional investors.

Cornell University is an educational institution that offers undergraduate and post graduate programs. It was founded in 1865 and is based in Ithaca, NY.

Jefferies (Japan) Ltd. (JJ) is the Tokyo branch and subsidiary of US-based Jefferies Asia Holdings II Pte Ltd., ultimately held by Leucadia National Corp. (NYSE: LUK) in the US. Established in 1996, the firm focuses on Asian markets and provides brokerage and investment banking services to institutional and corporate clients located primarily in Asia and the Middle East. Their activities include sales and trading of Japanese equity, equity-linked and structured products, the distribution of equity research and execution services in cooperation with US and European offices and the provision of electronic connectivity throughout Asia. They issue equity shares through GDRs and ADRs, and are a leading issuer of convertible bonds, high-yield in particular. In-house research covers a variety of industries including the maritime sector, infrastructure, logistics, outsourcing, technology and IT. In addition to Japan, JJ focuses on countries such as China and India, providing a range of services to Chinese and Indian companies, including access to international equity and debt capital markets, securities underwriting, US public and private offerings and cross-border M&A advisory. They also cooperate with private equity and venture capital firms focused on the Chinese and Indian markets.

Macquarie Capital Ltd. is the Hong Kong-based securities brokerage arm of Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG), a global financial services group headquartered in Australia. Macquarie Capital offers brokerage services to various investors.

Part of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd., PT CLSA Sekuritas Indonesia is a leading institutional equity broker and corporate advisory group based in Jakarta, Indonesia. PT CLSA Sekuritas provides equity research, sales, trading & execution services for international and domestic institutional investors. The Indonesian company is renowned for its independent and insightful research, superior trading and execution, and exceptional corporate finance & capital markets services. PT CLSA Sekuritas has over 20 years of grassroots experience in Indonesia and has received numerous industry awards for its services. The company is supervised by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and is a member of the stock exchange. The company was founded in 1990 and Daniel Oen has been the CEO of the company since 2005.

Part of Macquarie Group Ltd., Macquarie Capital Securities (Singapore) Pte Ltd. is a diversified financial group based in Singapore, Singapore. The Singaporean company provides clients with asset management and finance, banking, advisory, and risk and capital solutions across debt, equity, and commodities. Macquarie Capital Securities (Singapore) Pte Ltd. has a commitment to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and aim to serve their clients, shareholders, and communities responsibly. Macquarie Capital Securities offers a track record of unbroken profitability and provides various financial services to investors. The company was founded in 1996, and Eric Alberto Castillo has been the CEO since 2018.

JPMorgan Securities (Singapore) Pte Ltd. (JPMorgan Securities SG) is a broker-dealer headquartered in Singapore. The firm is a subsidiary of JPMorgan International Holdings Ltd., which is owned by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. JPMorgan Securities SG provides securities and prime services to local corporations and institutions, multinationals, government and private clients.

Part of Bank of America Corp., Merrill Lynch Equities (Australia) Ltd. is an Australian company that provides brokerage services. The company is based in Sydney, Australia. Joseph Fayyad has been the CEO of the company since 2017.

Credit Suisse (Singapore) Ltd. (Credit Suisse-Singapore) is the Singapore-based subsidiary of Credit Suisse AG, itself a subsidiary of Credit Suisse Group (VX: CSGN; ADR: CS) in Switzerland. Founded in 1971, the firm provides investment banking, private banking and asset management services to a range of corporate and institutional clients and high-net worth individuals. Credit Suisse-Singapore is headquartered in Singapore City.

CLSA Securities Japan Co., Ltd. (CLSA Japan) is the Japan-based brokerage subsidiary of CLSA Ltd., itself a subsidiary of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. (SH: 600030; HK: 6030; PK: CIIHY) in China. The firm was established in 2004 as Calyon Securites Ltd. They subsequently became Credit Agricole Securities Asia B.V., Tokyo Branch and changed their name to CLSA Securities Japan Co., Ltd. in 2013 when they merged with CLSA Japan Co. Headquartered in Hong Kong, CLSA Japan provides brokerage services including Japanese & Asian research and European equities. The CLSA Japan team works closely with the global sales teams in London, NY, Hong Kong and Singapore.

The Association of Banks in Singapore operates as a non-profit organization. It has interests on commercial and investment banking communities. The company was founded in 1973 and is headquartered in Singapore.

Ismail Iqbal Securities Pvt Ltd. (IISPL) is an independent broker/dealer headquartered in Karachi, Pakistan. The firm was founded in 2004 to cater the growing needs of the financial institutions in the most effective and smooth manner. IISPL extensively provides core financial services in the following areas with major focus on institutionalized and high net-worth individual clients/retail investors: Equity Sales, Research on Equity, Macro-Economy, Portfolio Management, Corporate Finance (Underwriting and Book building), Private Equity investors, Fixed Income.

Macrovue Pty Ltd. operates an online platform that provides tools to investors for developing an investment strategy, testing their outlook, and putting together a portfolio. The company was founded by Sid Saghal and Dev Sinha in 2014 and is headquartered in Sydney, Australia.

Part of AllianceBernstein Holding LP, Sanford C. Bernstein (Singapore) Pte Ltd. is a Singaporean company located in Singapore. The firm provides brokerage services. Edmund Ching is the current CEO, occupying that position since 2022.