Michael Skatrud

Massachusetts Financial Services Co., do-business-as MFS Investment Management (MFS), is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1924 and is a subsidiary of Sun Life of Canada (US) Financial Services Holdings, Inc., ultimately held by Sun Life Financial, Inc. (TSE, NYSE: SLF) in Canada. The firm provides investment advisory and sub-advisory services to a range of institutional clients and pooled investment vehicles. MFS is a responsible investor and signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Columbia Management Investment Advisers LLC (CMIA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP). The firm was formed in 2010 due to Ameriprise Financial Services' (AFS) acquisition of the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group (CMG) from Bank of America. AFS merged CMG's long-term asset management business with their subsidiary, RiverSource Investments LLC, under the name Columbia Management Investment Advisors. CMIA offers equity and fixed-income retail and institutional investment products for various types of clients.

Founded in 1974, OFI Global Institutional, Inc. is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is also a commodity pool operator and commodity trading advisor registered with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the National Futures Association. OFI Global Institutional is a wholly-owned subsidiary of OppenheimerFunds, Inc. (OFI), which, in turn, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Oppenheimer Acquisition Corp. (OAC). Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co. (MassMutual), through its subsidiary, is the indirect primary shareholder of OAC. The firm provides investment advisory services to various types of clients, including trusts, pension plans, insurance company separate accounts, foundations, corporations, ERISA qualified retirement plans, governmental plans, foreign entities (including governmental entities, corporations, investment companies and pension plans), mutual funds, private funds, and bank sponsored collective investment trusts.

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.