Paul Kendall Spencer

Franklin Templeton Investment Management Ltd. (FTIML) is the Great Britain-based global investment management subsidiary of Franklin Templeton Global Investors Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in the US. Founded in 1985, FTIML is headquartered in London and provides investment advisory and portfolio management services to clients in jurisdictions worldwide, which include registered open-end and closed-end funds and unregistered funds, as well as Separate Accounts for institutional and high net-worth clients.

Martin Currie Investment Management Ltd. (MCIM) is the Great Britain-based investment management subsidiary of Martin Currie Ltd., ultimately held by Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in the US. The firm was founded in 1978 and is headquartered in Edinburgh. MCIM performs investment management, dealing, investment support, sales and marketing and platform functions for the Martin Currie group. The firm manages active-equity portfolios for a global client base of financial institutions, charities, foundations, endowments, pension funds, family offices, government agencies and investment funds.

Sanford DeLand Asset Management Ltd. (SDL) is an independent asset management firm headquartered in Leeds, UK. The firm was founded by Keith R. Ashworth-Lord in 2010. SDL manages the CFP SDL UK Buffettology Fund and the CFP SDL Free Spirit Fund (CFP SDL Funds).

Part of Mirae Asset Global Investments Co., Ltd., Mirae Asset Global Investments (UK) Ltd. is a British company that provides investment advice. The company is based in London, UK and was founded in 2007.

AllianceBernstein Ltd. (ABL) is the Great Britain-based, global investment management subsidiary of AllianceBernstein Preferred Ltd., ultimately held by Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1990 by David Andrew Steyn. ABL provides investment management and research services to public and private sector institutional clients, retirement and pension funds, banks, insurance companies and high-net worth individuals. They offer a family of globally distributed mutual fund portfolios across all major investment disciplines. The firm is a signatory to the UN Principles of Responsible Investment (UNPRI) and integrates ESG issues into their investment processes.

DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. (DIMA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of DWS USA Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm was founded in 1984 and formerly known as Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. In 2018, they changed their name into DWS as part of the rebranding of Deutsche Asset Management. DIMA provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to various institutional clients. They also provide investment advisory services for its municipal bond strategies through wrap fee programs.

JPMorgan Asset Management (UK) Ltd. (JPMAM-UK) is the wholly owned, Great Britain-based investment arm of JPMorgan Asset Management International Ltd., ultimately held by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. The firm was founded in 1974 and formerly known as JPMorgan Fleming Asset Management. They changed their name to JPMorgan Asset Management UK Ltd. in 2005. Headquartered in London, JPAM-UK provides investment advisory services to institutional clients, both US and non-US.

Evelyn Partners Investment Management LLP (Evelyn Partners) is the investment management subsidiary of Evelyn Partners I M Ltd., which is owned by Platinum LP Guernsey Ltd. in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 1881 and formerly known as Smith & Williamson Investment Management LLP. They changed their name into Evelyn Partners Investment Management LLP when Tilney and Smith & Williamson brands merged into one in 2022. Headquartered in London, Evelyn Partners provides investment management, financial advisory and accountancy services to private clients, professional practices, mid- to large-sized corporations and non-profit organizations.

Buffettology Smaller Companies Investment Trust Plc operates as an investment trust. The company was founded on July 31, 2020 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Newton Investment Management Ltd. (Newton) is the wholly-owned, Great Britain-based investment management subsidiary of Newton Management Ltd., ultimately held by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK) (BNY Mellon) in the US. The firm was founded in 1978 as a joint venture with Scottish insurance broker Reed Stenhouse. In 1986 they were acquired by Alexander & Alexander and were renamed Newton Investment Management. Headquartered in London, Newton provides investment products and services to a wide range of clients, such as pension funds, charities, corporations and individuals (via BNY Mellon). Newton is a signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI).

FIL Investment Advisors (UK) Ltd. (FIA UK) is a Great Britain-based fund management firm headquartered in Tadworth, Surrey. Founded in 1984, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Holdings (UK) Limited, which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FIL Ltd. in Bermuda. FIA UK provides a range of global investment products and services to institutional accounts, mutual funds and other pooled investment vehicles.

City Financial Investment Co. Ltd. (City Financial) is an independent hedge fund management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 as REALGLOBE Ltd., became known as Independent Financial Marketing Ltd. in 1992 and renamed to City Financial Investment Co. Ltd. in 1998. City Financial provides investment advisory services to pooled investment vehicles and separately managed accounts.

Royal London Asset Management Ltd. (RLAM) is a fund management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1988 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal London Asset Management Holdings Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal London Group. RLAM offers a range of pooled investment products and provides investment management services for both the Royal London Group and a wide range of external institutions. Clients include listed companies, local authorities, universities, charities, wealth managers, financial advisers and multi-managers.

BNP Paribas (London Branch) is the Great Britain-based brokerage division of BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1986. BNP Paribas (London Branch) offers a wide range of products and services to corporate, institutional, commodities, market making and broking clients.