Colin Campbell

Bernstein Autonomous LLP (dba Autonomous Research) is an investment research firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2009 and is a subsidiary of Sanford C. Bernstein (Autonomous UK) 1 Ltd., ultimately owned by Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH) in the US. Autonomous Research provides fundamental analysis and thematic work on financial companies globally. Their clients are large institutional investors along with private equity firms, regulators, financial advisors and corporations who value the firm's research for its in-depth, intellectual approach and high quality.

HSBC Bank Plc (Broker) (HSBC Bank-Broker) is the broker/dealer division of HSBC Bank Plc, which is owned by HSBC Holdings Plc (LON: HSBA; NYSE: HSBC) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, HSBC Bank-Broker was founded in 1880 and offers bespoke brokerage services across every major asset class for their corporate and institutional clients.

Macquarie Capital (Europe) Ltd. (MCEL) is the London-based subsidiary of Macquarie Group Ltd. (SY: MQG), a global provider of banking, financial, advisory, investment and fund management services. Operating as part of the Macquarie Capital Advisers division, MCEL provides investment advisory services in the UK and in continental Europe. In relation with Macquarie Securities Group, they provide access to Asia Pacific markets for European clients. In terms of research, MCEL supplies macro-economic, markets and stock level analysis to a diverse range of clients. Their capabilities cover equity, debt, ForEx, futures, metals and mining worldwide, economics and strategy. In 2009 Macquarie Group acquired the international brokerage firm Fox-Pitt Kelton Cochran Caronia Waller LLC. The London branch Fox-Pitt, Kelton Ltd. was absorbed into MCEL.

Société Générale SA (Broker) (Société Général CIB) is the brokerage division of Société Générale SA (EPA: GLE) in France. Headquartere din Paris, the firm was founded in 1864 and provides full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. Société Général CIB also offers execution, clearing and prime services across the following asset classes: equities, FX, fixed income, commodities, and listed derivatives to almost 30 European brokers in more than 80 markets worldwide.

Morgan Stanley & Co. International Plc (MSCI) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSCI provides a range of brokerage services to corporations, governments and financial institutions.

Merrill Lynch International (MLI-UK) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1988 and is a subsidiary of ML UK Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC) in the US. MLI-UK provides brokerage services to individual and retail clients.

Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Ltd. (Credit Suisse Europe) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of Credit Suisse Investment Holdings (UK), itself a subsidiary of Credit Suisse Group AG (SWX: CSGN) in Switzerland. The firm was founded in 1966 and formerly known as Credit Suisse First Boston (Europe) Ltd. Headquartered in London, Credit Suisse Europe arranges financing in international capital markets, provides financial advisory services and acts as a dealer in securities, derivatives and foreign exchange on a principal and agency basis for corporate and institutional investors.

JPMorgan Securities Plc is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1992 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JP Morgan Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. JPMorgan Securities provides market research, proprietary pricing data and analytics, and trade execution across multiple asset classes such as credit, equities and FX. They help institutional investors, traditional and alternative asset and fund managers, broker dealers and equity issuers meet the demands of changing markets.

Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. (CGML) is an international broker-dealer firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1983 and is a subsidiary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Bahamas Ltd., ultimately held by Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C) in the US. CGML has a major presence in the international financial markets as a dealer, market-maker and underwriter in equity and fixed income securities and offers risk-based solutions to producers and investors in commodity markets. They also provide corporate finance services to a wide range of corporate, institutional and government clients. Their trading activities encompass cash, exchange traded and OTC derivative markets.

Barclays Capital Securities Ltd. (BCS) is the brokerage subsidiary of Barclays Bank plc, which is owned by Barclays Plc (LON: BARC), an international financial services group in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 1985 and is headquartered in London with offices worldwide. BCS provides prime brokerage services which include equities and fixed income financing, OTC Clearing, Futures and Foreign Exchange Prime Brokerage and access to industry insights and analytics.

Societe Generale Global Solution Centre Pvt. Ltd. (SGGSC) is the wholly-owned, India-based broker-dealer subsidiary of Société Générale SA (EPA: GLE; OTCMKTS: SCGLY) in France. The firm is headquartered in Bangalore and was founded in 2000. SGGSC provides value-added solutions to its clients with its expertise in Global Markets and Structured Finance and also Cash Management and Trade Finance services. They serve both Indian corporates and financial institutions and global clients of Societe Generale, from Europe, US, Middle-East, Africa and Asia-Pacific, to develop their operations in India.

BNP Paribas (London Branch) is the Great Britain-based brokerage division of BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1986. BNP Paribas (London Branch) offers a wide range of products and services to corporate, institutional, commodities, market making and broking clients.

Part of MF Global Holdings Ltd., MF Global UK Ltd. is a company that provides brokerage services. The company is based in London, UK.

Ruffer AIFM Ltd. is an alternative investment manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2013 and is a subsidiary of Ruffer LLP, which is owned by Ruffer Management Ltd. Ruffer AIFM provides investment management services for institutions, pension funds, charities, financial planners and private clients.

Ruffer LLP is the investment management subsidiary of Ruffer Management Ltd. in Great Britain. The firm was founded as Ruffer Investment Management Ltd. in 1994 by Jonathan Ruffer, Jane Tufnell, and Earl Ferrers. In 2004, they transferred their investment business to Ruffer LLP. Headquartered in London, Ruffer manages assets and funds on a discretionary basis for private and institutional clients including trusts, charities, pension funds, family offices, corporations, investment companies and insurance companies. Ruffer is a responsible investor that fully integrates environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) issues into their investment process.

Part of Daiwa Securities Group, Inc., Daiwa Capital Markets Europe Ltd. is a brokerage firm. The company is based in London, UK. The British company was founded in 1980. The CEO is Megan Christine McDonald.

Carmignac Gestion Luxembourg SA (UK) (Carmignac UK) is the Great Britain-based asset management division of Carmignac Gestion Luxembourg SA, the subsidiary of Carmignac Gestion SA in France which was created in 1989 by Edouard Carmignac and Eric Helderlé. Headquartered in London, Carmignac UK was founded in 2012 and manages Carmignac portfolios for professional investors.

Fox-Pitt, Kelton Ltd. engages in providing investment advisory services. It is also underwriter of equity securities and actively serves as a strategic advisor providing advice on mergers & acquisitions, corporate restructurings and equity capital market transactions for banks, insurance companies and other financial services companies around the world. The company was founded in 1971 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Millennium Capital Partners LLP (MCP) is an alternative investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2005 and is a subsidiary of Millennium Capital Management Ltd., ultimately held by Millennium Management LLC in the US. MCP manages assets for high-net worth individuals, institutions, trusts, foundations, pensions, the General Partner, related Millennium entities and Millennium employees.

Santander Asset Management UK Ltd. (SAM-UK) is an asset manager headquartered in Glasgow, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 and formerly known as Scottish Mutual Portfolio Managers Ltd. and Abbey National Asset Managers Ltd. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of SAM Investment Holdings SL, owned by Banco Santander SA (NYSE, BME: SAN) in Spain. SAM-UK manages funds on behalf of other Santander group entities as well as retail investors. The firm also manages a small number of segregated corporate portfolios.

Aviva Investors Global Services Ltd. (AIGSL) is the wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Aviva Investors Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Aviva plc (LSE: AV, ADR: AV) in Great Britain. Previously known as Morley Fund Management Ltd., the firm was founded in 1973, merged with Norwich Union Investment Management Ltd. in 2000 and underwent restructuring in 2008. Headquartered in London, AIGSL provides investment management services and related advisory to various subsidiaries of the Aviva Group and external clients such as retail funds, pension funds, and other institutional investors.

Part of Société Générale SA, SG Securities (HK) Ltd. is a Chinese company that provides brokerage services. The company is based in Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Andrew Au has been the CEO of the company since 2015.

Haitong Securities (UK) Ltd. (Haitong Securities UK) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of Espirito Santo Investment Holding Ltd., ultimately held by Haitong Securities Co., Ltd. (SH: 600837, ADR: HAITY) in China. Formerly known as Execution Noble Ltd., the firm was established in 2001. They were acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010 and changed their name to Haitong Securities (UK) Ltd. in 2015. Headquartered in London, Haitong Securities provides access to an international production and distribution platform of equities, derivatives, fixed-income and research for corporate and institutional investors.

Stifel Nicolaus Europe Ltd. (SNEL) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1999 and do-business-as Keefe, Bruyette & Woods Ltd. (KBW). They are a subsidiary of Stifel Europe Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by Stifel Financial Corp. (NYSE: SF) in the US. SNEL provides Pan-European equity research and sales and trading products for their institutional clients.

IBL Istituto Bancario Del Lavoro SpA engages in the provision of banking and consumer credit services. It specializes in vertical financing to be repaid by salary loans and pension payments. The firm also offers bank accounts, savings, insurance, and bank card services. The company was founded by Vincenzo Giordano on April 12, 1927 and is headquartered in Rome, Italy.

PIMCO Europe Ltd. (PIMCO-Europe) is the Great Britain-based subsidiary of PIMCO Global Advisors LLC, ultimately held by Allianz SE (FR: ALV; ADR: AZSEY) in Germany. Established in 1997, PIMCO-Europe is headquartered in London with additional branches in Europe and global offices in Asia, Australia, and the Americas. The firm provides fixed-income investment management services to clients in Great Britain, Europe and the Middle East. In addition to corporate pension funds, their clientele includes foundations, endowments, public retirement plans, central banks and corporate treasury departments. They also serve retail and high-net worth individuals. PIMCO Europe manages discretionary accounts, institutional funds and mutual funds. The firm is involved in the institutional wholesale business, and sub-advises portfolios for third-party fund-of-fund managers.

Cheuvreux International Ltd. (Cheuvreux International) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of Kepler Capital Markets SA in France. Established in 1984, the firm was formerly known as Crédit Agricole Cheuvreux International Ltd. In 2013, Kepler Capital Markets SA acquired Crédit Agricole Cheuvreux from Crédit Agricole Corporate & Investment Bank and Credit Agricole Cheuvreux International Ltd. changed their name to Cheuvreux International Ltd. Based in London, Cheuvreux International provides a range of equity brokerage services including research, distribution, sales trading, trading, corporate access, ETFs, corporate brokerage and research & execution to the retail networks of the Crédit Agricole Group.

Part of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd., CLSA (UK) is a brokerage company based in London, UK. CLSA (UK provides brokerage services. The British company was founded in 1986. Richard P. Ziegler has been the CEO of the company since 2009.

Part of Olivetree Group Ltd., Olivetree Financial Ltd. is an independent investment bank based in London, UK. Olivetree Financial is an established and trusted trade execution partner for many of the largest and most sophisticated institutional investors and hedge funds, with core expertise in equities and capital markets transactions. The British company provides quick-to-market detailed independent analysis of corporate events such as mergers, takeovers, and restructurings, helping clients to understand and navigate complex situations. Olivetree Financial has built core expertise combining a wealth of experience with innovative data analysis to provide guidance and insight where clients need it most. Its event-driven team is recognized as market leaders. Olivetree Financial is authorized and regulated by the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission and is subject to limited regulation with the Financial Conduct Authority. The company was founded in 2009 by Daryn Michael Kutner, who has been the CEO since then.

Amundi (UK) Ltd. (Amundi UK) is the Great Britain-based subsidiary of Amundi SA (EPA: AMUN), itself a subsidiary of Rue de la Boetie SAS-held Crédit Agricole SA (EPA: ACA) in France. Headquartered in London, Amundi UK was founded in 1983 and provides asset management services for retail and institutional clients.

Edmond de Rothschild Asset Management SA (EDRAM) is the asset management subsidiary of Edmond de Rothschild (France) SA, itself a subsidiary of Edmond de Rothschild SA in France. The firm was founded in 1985 and previously known as Gestion Saint Honoré. Headquartered in Paris, EDRAM is a multi-specialist expert in managing equities, corporate debt, asset allocation and sovereign debt, quantitative management, infrastructure debt and overlay and benefits from the stable and independent family shareholding structure of their parent company. They are a socially responsible investor which aims to integrate environmental, social and governance factors in an investment approach that adds value in these areas.

Crédit Mutuel Asset Management SA (CM-AM) is an asset management firm headquartered in Paris, France. The firm was founded in 1992 and is a subsidiary of Groupe Crédit Mutuel Centre Est Europe SA, ultimately held by Confederation Nationale Crédit Mutuel SA. CM-AM offers a complete range of funds to various investors.