Kaj E. Alftan

Goldman Sachs International (GSI) is the Great Britain-based, wholly-owned brokerage subsidiary of Goldman Sachs Group UK Ltd., ultimately held by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS) in the US. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Trushelfco Ltd. Headquartered in London, GSI provides prime brokerage, securities lending, futures services and financing services for a range of clients such as corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net worth individuals.

Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. (CGML) is an international broker-dealer firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1983 and is a subsidiary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Bahamas Ltd., ultimately held by Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C) in the US. CGML has a major presence in the international financial markets as a dealer, market-maker and underwriter in equity and fixed income securities and offers risk-based solutions to producers and investors in commodity markets. They also provide corporate finance services to a wide range of corporate, institutional and government clients. Their trading activities encompass cash, exchange traded and OTC derivative markets.

Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. KG (dba Berenberg Bank) is an independent broker/dealer firm headquartered in Hamburg, Germany. Berenberg Bank provides brokerage services for a range of clients.

Liberum Capital Ltd. (Liberum) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Shane Le Prevost in 2007 to provide a different style of broking. They were acquired by Panmure Liberum Ltd. from TN Holdings (BVI) Ltd. in 2024. Headquartered in London, Liberum provides trading and execution services for institutional clients. They bring liquidity into the niches that matter and are market-makers in various large, mid and small-cap stocks.

Investec Bank Plc (Broker) (IBP) is the brokerage arm of Investec Bank Plc, itself a subsidiary of Investec Plc (LON: INVP) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, IBP was founded in 1950 and they offer a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for corporate clients.

Sanford C. Bernstein Ltd. is a securities brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. They are a subsidiary of Alliancebernstein Corp. of Delaware, ultimately held by Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH) in the US. Founded in 1999, the firm provides fundamental research and full service execution services to institutional clients globally. They offer bottom-up coverage and portfolio strategies supported by sophisticated quantitative tools.

UBS AG (London Branch) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of UBS AG, ultimately held by UBS Group AG (SWX: UBSG) in Switzerland. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1998 and provides nimble, innovative and bespoke access to solutions, from market and insight tools, to trading strategies and execution for private, institutional and corporate clients worldwide, as well as private clients in Switzerland. They distribute, trade, finance and clear cash equity and equity-linked products. The firm also structures, originates and distributes new equity and equity-linked issues.

Nomura International Plc provides a variety of financial services including advisement, investment banking and asset management. It trades in and sells fixed income and equity products, including related derivatives; and provides investment banking services, and corporate finance and private equity services. The company is also involved in asset and principal finance business. It offers investment advisory and management, custody, and employment services. Nomura International was founded in 1981 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Jefferies International Ltd. (JIL) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Jefferies Holdings II Ltd., ultimately held by Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. (NYSE: JEF) in the US. JIL provides broking services to various investors.

JPMorgan Securities Plc is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1992 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JP Morgan Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. JPMorgan Securities provides market research, proprietary pricing data and analytics, and trade execution across multiple asset classes such as credit, equities and FX. They help institutional investors, traditional and alternative asset and fund managers, broker dealers and equity issuers meet the demands of changing markets.

Cheuvreux International Ltd. (Cheuvreux International) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of Kepler Capital Markets SA in France. Established in 1984, the firm was formerly known as Crédit Agricole Cheuvreux International Ltd. In 2013, Kepler Capital Markets SA acquired Crédit Agricole Cheuvreux from Crédit Agricole Corporate & Investment Bank and Credit Agricole Cheuvreux International Ltd. changed their name to Cheuvreux International Ltd. Based in London, Cheuvreux International provides a range of equity brokerage services including research, distribution, sales trading, trading, corporate access, ETFs, corporate brokerage and research & execution to the retail networks of the Crédit Agricole Group.

Hauck & Aufhäuser Privatbankiers AG (Research Firm UK) (HAP UK Research) is the research division of Hauck & Aufhäuser Privatbankiers AG, which is ultimately held by Fosun International Holdings Ltd. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 2014. HAP UK Research provides investment research to their clients.

Pictet Asset Management Ltd. (Pictet AM) is an alternative investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1980 and is wholly owned by Pictet Asset Management Holding SA, which is ultimately owned by Banque Pictet & Cie SA in Switzerland. Pictet AM provides discretionary investment management services on a global scale to a wide range of international institutional clients. Furthermore, the firm also acts as the investment adviser or sub-adviser to US-based investment companies and other regulated and unregulated collective investment schemes in international jurisdictions. Pictet AM adheres to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Part of Jarden Partners Ltd., Jarden Securities Ltd. is a New Zealander financial services company that offers a suite of services designed to accommodate clients' financial goals, from fully managed to transactional only. The company is based in Auckland, New Zealand and offers services such as foreign exchange, managing currency and commodity pricing risks, trading futures and options, and providing debt to equity. Jarden Securities was acquired by First NZ Capital Ltd. on October 14, 2002. Jarden Securities is a leading independent investment and advisory group that offers a complete range of finance and investment products and services. The company was founded in 1961. James Samuel Lee has been the CEO of the company since 2000.

Part of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., Goldman Sachs New Zealand Ltd. is a New Zealander company that specializes in selling premium domain names. Founded in 1988, the company is based in Auckland, New Zealand. The company's website, gs.co.nz, offers easy-to-remember domain names that can help increase online sales. Customers can request a non-binding and free offer for the domain name they are interested in, and quotations are usually made within 24 hours on weekdays. The company values customer privacy and only uses their data to answer price requests, without sharing it with third parties.

Close Asset Management (UK) Ltd., doing business as Close Brothers Asset Management (CBAM), is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm is a subsidiary of Close Asset Management Holdings Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Close Brothers Group Plc (LON: CBG). The firm was formerly known as Close Investments Ltd. in 1994 and changed into their current name when Close Brothers Investment, Close Investment, Close Finsbury Asset Management, and Reabourne Technology Investment Management were reorganized into a single legal entity in 2009. CBAM provides a wide variety of financial advisory and investment management services to UK and international intermediaries, private individuals, and institutions such as pension funds. They also manage discretionary portfolios as well as a diverse range of investment products.

Merrill Lynch International (MLI-UK) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1988 and is a subsidiary of ML UK Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC) in the US. MLI-UK provides brokerage services to individual and retail clients.

Barclays Capital Securities Ltd. (BCS) is the brokerage subsidiary of Barclays Bank plc, which is owned by Barclays Plc (LON: BARC), an international financial services group in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 1985 and is headquartered in London with offices worldwide. BCS provides prime brokerage services which include equities and fixed income financing, OTC Clearing, Futures and Foreign Exchange Prime Brokerage and access to industry insights and analytics.

Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Ltd. (Credit Suisse Europe) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of Credit Suisse Investment Holdings (UK), itself a subsidiary of Credit Suisse Group AG (SWX: CSGN) in Switzerland. The firm was founded in 1966 and formerly known as Credit Suisse First Boston (Europe) Ltd. Headquartered in London, Credit Suisse Europe arranges financing in international capital markets, provides financial advisory services and acts as a dealer in securities, derivatives and foreign exchange on a principal and agency basis for corporate and institutional investors.

Warburg Research GmbH is an investment research firm headquartered in Hamburg, Germany. The firm was founded in 1996 and is a subsidiary of M.M. Warburg & Co. KGaA, which is owned by M.M. Warburg & Co. Gruppe GmbH. Warburg Research offers research coverage of the German stock market. As part of an industry-oriented research approach, companies are covered regardless of their market capitalization, with a focus on small and medium-sized companies.

Qatar Investment Authority (Investment Management) (QIA-IM) is the investment management division of Qatar Investment Authority, the State-owned sovereign wealth fund of Qatar. Headquartered in Doha, the firm was founded in 2005 as Qatar's Supreme Council for Economic Affairs and Investment. As the state's investment arm, QIA-IM invests the country's crude oil and natural gas surplus revenue domestically, regionally and internationally, aiming to strengthen the national economy over the long term through asset diversification. and is headquartered in Doha.

Berenberg Capital Markets LLC (BCM) is a broker-dealer firm headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2011 and is a subsidiary of Berenberg Americas LLC, ultimately held by Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. KG in Germany. BCM provides equity execution services to institutional and corporate clients.

Part of MF Global Holdings Ltd., MF Global UK Ltd. is a company that provides brokerage services. The company is based in London, UK.

Kymab Ltd. discovers and develops human monoclonal antibody drugs. It is using mouse embryonic stem cell technology to develop its Kymouse platform that focuses on encompassing the diversity of the B lymphocyte component of the human immune system, and has the potential for expansion of diversity beyond the normal human immune response. Kymab was founded by Allan Bradley in 2009 and is headquartered in Cambridge, the United Kingdom.

HSBC Bank Plc (Broker) (HSBC Bank-Broker) is the broker/dealer division of HSBC Bank Plc, which is owned by HSBC Holdings Plc (LON: HSBA; NYSE: HSBC) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, HSBC Bank-Broker was founded in 1880 and offers bespoke brokerage services across every major asset class for their corporate and institutional clients.

Bernstein Autonomous LLP (dba Autonomous Research) is an investment research firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2009 and is a subsidiary of Sanford C. Bernstein (Autonomous UK) 1 Ltd., ultimately owned by Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH) in the US. Autonomous Research provides fundamental analysis and thematic work on financial companies globally. Their clients are large institutional investors along with private equity firms, regulators, financial advisors and corporations who value the firm's research for its in-depth, intellectual approach and high quality.

Morgan Stanley Investment Management Ltd. (MSIM) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. Founded in 1986, the firm is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSIM offers a range of investment and risk management solutions to institutional and professional investors worldwide.

ABN-Amro ODDO BHF BV is a Dutch company that provides brokerage services. The joint venture company is based in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Standard & Poor's Investment Advisory Services (UK) Ltd. is the Great Britain-based financial research subsidiary of S&P Global, Inc. (NYSE: SPGI) in the US. Formerly known as McGraw-Hill Financial Research Europe Ltd., established in 1994 as Standard & Poor's LLC, the firm is located in London.

Commerzbank AG (UK) is the UK brokerage division of Commerzbank AG (FR: CBK) in Germany. Based in London, they engage in equity, debt and derivative instrument trading, investment banking, public finance and treasury, interest-rate and currency management, as well as corporate finance. In 2009 Dresdner Bank was acquired by and merged into Commerzbank and the London-based activities of Dresdner Kleinwort Securities absorbed into Commerzbank AG (UK). The firm provides capital markets services, corporate advisory, risk management, research and lending services focused on equity, corporate and emerging-market debt, derivatives and money market products. Their clients are European and international corporations, institutions and government entities. In terms of corporate finance they offer financial advisory as well as execution capabilities for a wide range of corporate finance-related transactions on a global basis. Their primary focus is on mergers and acquisitions, disposals, equity issues and initial public offerings.