Michael Kunkler

HSBC Global Asset Management (Hong Kong) Ltd. (HSBC-GAM HK) is the wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of The HongKong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Ltd. and is indirectly owned by HSBC Holdings Plc (LON: HSBA, ADR: HSBC.PRA) in Great Britain. Headquartered in Hong Kong, the firm originated in 1973 as a banking branch and became part of HSBC Asset Management in 1994. The current firm, formerly known as HSBC Investments (Hong Kong) Ltd., was founded in 2005 when the group's investment management business was reorganized. HSBC-GAM HK provides investment management services to corporate clients, private individuals and institutions.

Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. (CTAM) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1990 as F&C Asset Managers Ltd. and renamed BMO Asset Managers Ltd. in 2018. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. The firm is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle AM (Holdings) Plc, ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. CTAM manages a range of in-house and multi-manager funds for private individuals and institutional clients.

Santander Asset Management UK Ltd. (SAM-UK) is an asset manager headquartered in Glasgow, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 and formerly known as Scottish Mutual Portfolio Managers Ltd. and Abbey National Asset Managers Ltd. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of SAM Investment Holdings SL, owned by Banco Santander SA (NYSE, BME: SAN) in Spain. SAM-UK manages funds on behalf of other Santander group entities as well as retail investors. The firm also manages a small number of segregated corporate portfolios.

Blackfriars Asset Management Ltd. (Blackfriars) is the Great Britain-based, wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of The Hamon Investment Group Pte Ltd. in Hong Kong. Located in London, the firm was established in 1998 as part of WestAM. In 2006, BNY Mellon acquired 50% of WestAM to form WestLB Mellon Asset Management UK Ltd. Blackfriars is a specialist investment boutique. Their clients include savings banks, commercial banks, corporations, foundations, endowments, governments, central banks, insurance companies, mutual funds and pension funds. The firm manages segregated accounts and mutual funds including the Luxembourg-registered Compass umbrella fund.

Lazard Asset Management Ltd. (UK) (Lazard AM-UK) is the Great Britain-based asset management subsidiary of Lazard Asset Management (UK) Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Lazard Ltd. (NYSE: LAZ) in the US. Founded in 1953, the firm is headquartered in London and provides investment management and advisory services to institutional clients, financial intermediaries, charities, family offices, private clients and investment vehicles around the world. Lazard AM-UK offers a comprehensive range of UK onshore and offshore funds that provide access to investment opportunities in major markets worldwide.

Renaissance Capital Investment Management Ltd. (RCIML) is the asset management subsidiary of Bermuda-based Renaissance Financial Holdings Ltd. Headquartered in Moscow, the firm was established in 2003 as Renaissance Capital Asset Management and provides wealth management services, including investment advisory and execution, financial advisory and estate planning for high-net worth individuals. They also cater to asset management and fund management firms for local and international clients investing in Russia, Ukraine and the CIS. RCIML manages discretionary accounts, pension funds and a range of mutual funds. They operate in Russia, the UK, the US, Cyprus, Ukraine and the British Virgin Islands.

abrdn Investments Ltd. (aIL) is an asset management firm headquartered in Midlothian, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 and formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., wholly-owned by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN). aIL provides their clients with discretionary and non-discretionary asset management and related services across a broad range of investment strategies and asset classes. They also offer an alternative platform which encompasses multi-manager research, selection and portfolio management for hedge funds strategies.

The HongKong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Ltd. provides banking services. It offers personal, commercial and corporate banking financial services across Asia. The company was founded by Thomas Sutherland on March 3, 1865 and is headquartered in Hong Kong.

Financial Services Development Council operates as a financial centre. The firm provides information of the FSDC’s activities in relation to the Hong Kong financial services industry, but also the FSDC’s publications on a wide spectrum of topics related to the industry such as the reports on mandatory provident fund system, life insurance as well as Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG).The company is headquartered in Hong Kong.

Part of BlackRock, Inc., BlackRock Alternative Investors is an American company that strives to bring their investors high-quality investments in real estate, infrastructure, private equity, credit, hedge funds, and alternative solutions. The company draws upon their footprint, superior execution capabilities, and position as a preferred partner to manage over USD $283 billion in alternative investments and commitments on behalf of clients worldwide as of June 30, 2021.

BlackRock Asset Management North Asia Ltd. (BAMNAL) is the investment management subsidiary of BlackRock HK Holdco Ltd., itself a subsidiary of BlackRock Inc. (NYSE: BLK) in the US. The firm was founded in 1998 and formerly known as Barclays Global Investors North Asia Ltd. They renamed into BlackRock Asset Management North Asia Ltd. in 2009 when BlackRock merged with Barclays Global Investors. Headquartered in Hong Kong, BAMNAL manages assets for institutional clients, pooled investment vehicles and US registered investment companies, including ETFs. Mandates include equity and real estate strategies.

Hong Kong Interbank Clearing Ltd. provides interbank clearing and settlement services. Its services include bulk clearing, USD clearing system, and etrade connect. The company was founded in april 1997 and is headquartered in Kwun Tong, Hongkong.

Santander Asset Management SA SGIIC (Santander AM) is the asset management subsidiary of Santander Asset Management Investment Holdings Ltd. in Great Britain, itself a subsidiary of Banco Santander SA (BME: SAN) in Spain. Founded in 1971, the firm is headquartered in Madrid and has a network of offices throughout Spain and local investment teams throughout the world. Santander AM manages a volume of assets for both individual and institutional clients, as well as for Santander Group subsidiaries in all geographies.

Sanford C. Bernstein Ltd. is a securities brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. They are a subsidiary of Alliancebernstein Corp. of Delaware, ultimately held by Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH) in the US. Founded in 1999, the firm provides fundamental research and full service execution services to institutional clients globally. They offer bottom-up coverage and portfolio strategies supported by sophisticated quantitative tools.

HSBC Alternative Investments Ltd. (HAIL) is the fund-of-hedge fund management subsidiary of HSBC Global Asset Management Ltd., ultimately held by HSBC Holdings Plc (LSE: HSBA; NYSE: HSBC) in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 1993 and is headquartered in London. HAIL offers a range of investment choices and services such as hedge fund, real estate and private equity solutions for both private and institutional clients. They specialize in alternative funds and funds of funds investments.

Climate Asset Management Ltd. is a British asset management company that focuses on natural capital. The private company offers solutions that generate returns for both investors and nature. Martin Berg has been the CEO of the company since 2020.

DWS Investments (UK) Ltd. (DWS UK) is a hedge fund manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm is a subsidiary of Deutsche Asset Management Holding SE, ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK, NYSE: DB) in Germany. Created in the mid-1990s as a department within Deutsche Bank, the firm was founded in 2004. Formerly known as Deutsche Asset Management (UK) Ltd., the firm changed their name to DWS Investments UK Ltd. in 2018. DWS UK provides investment management services for retail, institutional and wealth management clients.

HSBC Bank Plc provides commercial banking and financial services. It operates in four businesses: Retail Banking and Wealth Management, Commercial Banking, Global Banking and Markets, and Global Private Banking. The Retail Banking and Wealth Management business offers personal banking, mortgages, loans, credit cards, savings and investments and insurance services. The Commercial Banking business offers financial products and services to enable them to operate efficiently and meet their business aspirations. The Global Banking and Markets business offers capital financing, transaction and advisory banking services, trade, research, securities services and global liquidity and cash management. The Global Private Banking business offers investment management, incorporating advisory, discretionary and brokerage, private wealth solutions, comprising trusts and estate planning services. The company was founded in 1865 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Manulife Investment Management (Europe) Ltd. (Manulife Europe) is the Great Britain-based asset management subsidiary of Manufacturers Life Insurance Co., itself a subsidiary of Manulife Financial Corp. (TSE, NYSE: MFC) in Canada. The firm was founded as Trendhandy Trading Ltd. in 1993 and was acquired by Manulife and in 1996. Headquartered in London, Manulife Europe offers clients a variety of funds including international and European equity funds. Their local research capabilities and market presence give them perspective on UK and European markets.

Goldman Sachs Asset Management International (GSAMI) is the Great Britain-based asset management subsidiary of Goldman Sachs Asset Management International Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS) in the US. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1990. GSAMI is the hub of Goldman Sachs' European activities, which include investment banking, trading, asset management and securities services. Their clients include individuals, families and family entities, banks and thrift institutions, pooled investment vehicles, pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, insurance companies, corporations, and other business entities.

BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Ltd. (BIM-UK) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm is a subsidiary of BlackRock Finance Europe Ltd., ultimately owned by BlackRock, Inc. (NYSE: BLK) in the US. BIM-UK was founded in 2006 following the merger of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers and BlackRock. In 2009, BlackRock merged with Barclays Global Investors, including the iShares exchange traded funds business. The combined firm operates under the BlackRock name and has retained the iShares brand. BIM-UK manages a family of mutual funds and acts as sub-advisor to other mutual and pension funds. They also offer alternative investments and managed accounts for individual and institutional clients.

Nordea Investment Management AB (NIM) is the Swedish investment management subsidiary of Nordea Asset Management Holding AB, itself a subsidiary of Nordea Bank ABp (HEL: NDA-FI, ADR: NRBAY) in Finland. Founded in 1954 as Merita Nordbanken Investment Management, the firm became Nordea Investment Management AB in 2001 when the Nordea name, an abbreviation of Nordic ideas, replaced Unibank, Nordbanken, Merita and Christiania Bank in a joint renaming operation. Headquartered in Stockholm, NIM manages a range of Swedish funds including pension funds, hedge funds, Luxembourg-domiciled SICAVs and funds registered in other Nordic countries for institutional clients.

Bell Rock Capital Management LLP (Bell Rock Capital) is an independent alternative investment manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Peter de Putron in 1996. Bell Rock Capital manages assets on behalf of institutional clients and high net worth investors.

Part of Prudential Plc, Eastspring Investments Services Pte Ltd. is a leading asset management company based in Marina Bay, Singapore. Eastspring Investments offers investment solutions across a broad range of asset classes, including equities and emerging market equities. The Singaporean company has a strong and capable management team with a clear vision and direction, which has led to its growth as a top asset manager in Asia. Eastspring Investments provides innovative investment solutions to meet the financial needs of its clients, and its fund prices and performance listings are updated daily for bond funds, equity funds, multi-asset funds, and others. The company was founded in 1994 and Ee Mern Tham has been the CEO of the company since 2021.

Goldman Sachs Asset Management LP (GSAMLP) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a wholly owned subsidiary of GSAM Holdings LLC, and their ultimate parent is Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS). Founded in 1988, GSAMLP provides investment solutions to a range of individual and institutional investors worldwide.

HSBC Insurance (Asia) Ltd. engages in the provision of insurance services. The company was founded on February 25, 1977 and is headquartered in Hong Kong.

EMSO Asset Management Ltd. (Emso UK) is the employee-owned, Great Britain-based alternative investment subsidiary of White Park Ltd. in Cayman Island. The firm was founded in 2000 as Rivertitan Ltd. They became EMSO Partners Ltd. in 2013 and changed their name to Emso Asset Management Ltd. in 2016. Headquartered in London, Emso UK provides discretionary advisory services to private investment funds.

JPMorgan Asset Management (UK) Ltd. (JPMAM-UK) is the wholly owned, Great Britain-based investment arm of JPMorgan Asset Management International Ltd., ultimately held by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. The firm was founded in 1974 and formerly known as JPMorgan Fleming Asset Management. They changed their name to JPMorgan Asset Management UK Ltd. in 2005. Headquartered in London, JPAM-UK provides investment advisory services to institutional clients, both US and non-US.

Lansdowne Partners (UK) LLP (Lansdowne) is the alternative investment management subsidiary of Lansdowne Partners Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Lansdowne Partners International Ltd. in the Cayman Islands. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1998. Lansdowne provides investment advisory services on a discretionary basis to their clients, which includes commingled investment vehicles intended for institutional investors and other sophisticated investors and investment vehicles formed for particular investors and separately managed accounts for sophisticated financial institutions, including registered investment companies. Lansdowne is a signatory to the United Nations Principles of Responsible Investing (UNPRI).

Invesco Asset Management Ltd. (IAML) is the wholly-owned Great Britain-based investment management subsidiary of Invesco UK Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. (NYSE: IVZ) in the US. The firm was founded in 1969 as Cavalier Securities Ltd. and became Invesco Asset Management Ltd. in 1993. They are headquartered in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. IAML provides investment management services on both a discretionary and non-discretionary basis to pension and profit-sharing plans, educational institutions, investment companies, insurance companies, individuals and holding companies. The firm also acts as investment advisor for a number of mutual funds on a sub-advised basis.

Russell Investments Ltd. (RIL) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1979 and is a subsidiary of Russell Investments Systems Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Russell Investment Management LLC in the US. RIL provides investment management and investment consulting services for institutions, financial advisors, and individual investors.

Sarasin & Partners LLP (Sarasin) is a global investment manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1983 and formerly known as Sarasin Investment Management Ltd. They are a subsidiary of SIM Partnership (London) Ltd., ultimately held by JS International Holdings Ltd. in The Bahamas. Sarasin invests thematically and responsibly on behalf of charities, private clients, institutions and investment professionals.