Michael Terence Gifford

abrdn Investments Ltd. (aIL) is an asset management firm headquartered in Midlothian, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 and formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., wholly-owned by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN). aIL provides their clients with discretionary and non-discretionary asset management and related services across a broad range of investment strategies and asset classes. They also offer an alternative platform which encompasses multi-manager research, selection and portfolio management for hedge funds strategies.

AE Continuation LLP is a US equity brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. Formerly known as Hispaniola LLP and as Atlantic Equities LLP, the firm was founded in 2003 by Christopher Middleton, Hamilton Faber, Keely Oliver, Marlus McNally and Vernon Golding. They were acquired by Redburn (Europe) Ltd. in 2023 and change their name to AE Continuation LLP.

Bluehone Investors LLP (Bluehone) is a subsidiary of Bluehone Ltd. and is based in London. Bluehone was established in 2005 by Bill Brown, Robert Mitchell and Stuart Rollason with backing from F&C Investments, where they formerly worked. The firm is a specialist fund management boutique managing small company investment funds.

The Association of Investment Cos. is based in London, UK. The British company represents and provides investor data on closed-ended funds, including investment trusts and venture capital trusts (VCTs). The non-profit company was founded in 1932. Richard William Stone has been the CEO of the company since 2021.

Invesco Asset Management Ltd. (IAML) is the wholly-owned Great Britain-based investment management subsidiary of Invesco UK Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. (NYSE: IVZ) in the US. The firm was founded in 1969 as Cavalier Securities Ltd. and became Invesco Asset Management Ltd. in 1993. They are headquartered in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. IAML provides investment management services on both a discretionary and non-discretionary basis to pension and profit-sharing plans, educational institutions, investment companies, insurance companies, individuals and holding companies. The firm also acts as investment advisor for a number of mutual funds on a sub-advised basis.

AXA Investment Managers UK Ltd. (AXA IM-UK) is the UK-based investment subsidiary of AXA Framlington Group Ltd., itself a subsidiary of AXA SA (XP: CS, ADR: AXAHY) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1979. AXA IM-UK manages a diverse range of pooled funds and offers tailor-made investment products for liability management. They specialize in institutional pension fund management and individual retirement savings products.

Tilney Investment Management Ltd. provides investment advisory services. The firm caters to private investors interested in managing their wealth on behalf of their families, businesses, and for personal or philanthropic ventures. It provides access to investment products, including some developed for institutional clients, such as cash, equities, bonds, mutual funds, structured products and derivatives, foreign exchange and commodities, hedge funds, private equity, and real estate. The company was founded in 1836 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Santander Asset Management UK Ltd. (SAM-UK) is an asset manager headquartered in Glasgow, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 and formerly known as Scottish Mutual Portfolio Managers Ltd. and Abbey National Asset Managers Ltd. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of SAM Investment Holdings SL, owned by Banco Santander SA (NYSE, BME: SAN) in Spain. SAM-UK manages funds on behalf of other Santander group entities as well as retail investors. The firm also manages a small number of segregated corporate portfolios.

abrdn Alternative Investments Ltd. (AAI) is the wholly owned asset management subsidiary of Aberdeen Asset Investment Group Ltd. and their ultimate parent is abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN, ADR: SLFPF) in Great Britain. Formerly held by Lloyds Banking Group plc (LSE: LLOY), Aberdeen Asset Management plc entered into a strategic alliance with Lloyds Banking Group plc in 2013, acquiring AAI and their related private equity and infrastructure fund management businesses. Formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1964 and is headquartered in London. AAI provides investment solutions to private individuals, financial institutions, charities, investment trusts and corporate and local government pension funds in Great Britain and worldwide.

Aviva Investors Global Services Ltd. (AIGSL) is the wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Aviva Investors Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Aviva plc (LSE: AV, ADR: AV) in Great Britain. Previously known as Morley Fund Management Ltd., the firm was founded in 1973, merged with Norwich Union Investment Management Ltd. in 2000 and underwent restructuring in 2008. Headquartered in London, AIGSL provides investment management services and related advisory to various subsidiaries of the Aviva Group and external clients such as retail funds, pension funds, and other institutional investors.

HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Ltd. (HSBC GAM-UK) is the wholly owned asset management subsidiary of HSBC Global Asset Management Ltd., ultimately part of HSBC Holdings plc (LON: HSBA, ADR: HSBC) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, HSBC GAM-UK was founded in 1985 and acts as a discretionary investment manager that offers a wide range of investment solutions across equity, fixed income, liquidity and multi-asset strategies. Their clients include the Group’s retail and private banking customers, financial intermediaries and distributors and institutions.

Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm.

J. Rothschild Capital Management Ltd. (JRCML) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of RIT Capital Partners plc in the UK. Established in 1987, the firm is based in London and provides investment management services.

Legal & General Investment Management Ltd. (LGIM) is a fund management firm headquartered in London. The firm was founded in 1970 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legal & General Investment Management (Holdings) Ltd., which is owned by Legal & General Group plc (LSE: LGEN, ADR: LGGNY). LGIM provides investment management services to pension funds, institutional and private clients. Their clients are primarily in Great Britain, and marginally in the US though their Chicago-based subsidiary LGIM America, which established in 2006.

Trace Group Plc provides software solutions. It offers solutions for the financial, insurance, reinsurance, and property markets. It also provides computer consultant & payroll, proprietary software products, and computer facilities management services. The company was founded by Colin Clarke & Richard Wolfe in 1974 and is located in London, UK.

Thames River Capital LLP (TRC) is a specialist fund management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1998 and is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Capital (UK) Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. TRC provides specialist fund management services to professional investors and institutions in the UK and worldwide, through several single and multi-manager funds.

HSBC Private Bank (UK) Ltd. (HSBC Private Bank-UK) is the private banking subsidiary of HSBC Bank Plc., ultimately held by HSBC Holdings Plc (LON: HSBA) in Great Britain. The HSBC group can trace their history in London back to 1865 when the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation office opened, and through later acquisitions are linked to Samuel Montagu & Co. Limited, founded in 1853. Headquartered in London, HSBC Private Bank-UK offers a full range of wealth management advice and services to wealthy individuals and their families worldwide.

Tilney Group Ltd. provides wealth management services. It also provides investment services and solutions, mutual, opal, and commercial property funds through its asset, pension management, and managed portfolio services. The company was founded in1836 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Hardman Research Ltd. provides investment research. The private company is based in London, UK. and has subsidiaries in United Kingdom. The British company was founded in 2012 by Roger Hardman. Keith J. Hiscock has been the CEO of the company since 2012.

Part of Raymond James Financial, Inc., Charles Stanley & Co. Ltd. is a British brokerage company that provides brokerage services. The company is based in London, UK. The company was founded in 1792. Paul Andrew Abberley has been the CEO of the company since 2014.

Tulip Holdings Ltd. holds and owns securities of companies other than banks. The company was incorporated on January 09, 2007 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Thomas Miller Investment Ltd. (TMI) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 and is a subsidiary of Thomas Miller Investment Holdings Ltd., which is owned by Thomas Miller Holdings Ltd. in Bermuda. TMI provides investment management services for institutions and the advisers who serve them.

Intrallect Ltd. provides digital object repository software for education and training. The company was founded by Peter Douglas and Martin Morrey in May 4, 2000 and is headquartered in Edinburgh, the United Kingdom.

Columbia Threadneedle Real Estate Partners LLP provides property and asset management services. It specializes in fund, asset and property management; reproperty investment; research; and fund administration. The company is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

LGT Wealth Management UK LLP (LGT WM UK) is the wealth management subsidiary of LGT UK Holdings Ltd., which is owned by LGT Group Foundation (LGT) in Liechtenstein. Previously known as Vestra Wealth LLP and as LGT Vestra LLP, the firm was founded in 2007 by Matthew Evans, Andrew Sims, David Scott and Ben Snee. In June 2016, LGT owned by the Princely Family of Liechtenstein took a majority stake in the firm, primarily from external investors in the firm. In October 2020, LGT completed the acquisition by buying the remaining equity previously held by the executive partners of LGT WM UK. Headquartered in London, LGT WM UK provides wealth management services to private clients, companies, trusts, charities and financial intermediaries based predominately in the UK and the European Economic Area (EEA).

Founded in 1988, Columbia Threadneedle Managers Ltd. is a subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. that provides security brokerage services. The company is based in London, UK.

Leading Software Ltd. provides software development and support services. Its team of business process analysts, architects, developers, installation and technical support specialists can provide end to end support for any of client projects across a broad base of technologies. The company is headquartered in Edinburgh, the United Kingdom.

The Chartered Institute For Securities & Investment operates as securities and investment educational institute. It is the professional body for those who work in the securities and investment industry in the UK and in a growing number of major financial centres round the world. The company was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Part of Anderson Strathern LLP, Anderson Strathern Asset Management Ltd. is a financial planning and investment advisory company based in Edinburgh, UK. The British company is authorized and regulated by the FCA and offers advice on protection, retirement planning, investments, and inheritance tax planning. Anderson Strathern Asset Management aims to build deep and trusting relationships with its clients by understanding their ambitions and providing expert advice to individuals, corporate entities, trusts, and charities.

USS Investment Management Ltd. (USS-IM) is the wholly owned investment management subsidiary of Universities Superannuation Scheme Ltd. (USS), the final salary scheme for higher education employers in Great Britain. USS-IM is the principal investment manager and advisor to the scheme. Headquartered in Liverpool, the firm was founded in 1997.

Rowan Dartington & Co. Ltd. (Rowan Dartington) is an investment management firm headquartered in Gloucestershire, UK. The firm was founded in 1990 as Oval (823) Ltd. They are a subsidiary of Rowan Dartington Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by St. James's Place Plc (LON: STJ). Rowan Dartington provides personalised investment management to IFAs, private clients, companies, charities and trusts. The firm offers a broad range of portfolio management services, specializing in advisory and discretionary investment management.

The Investment Association provides investment services. It also offers trainings and seminars. The company was founded on October 13, 1959 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

WH Ireland Ltd. (dba WHIreland) is a wealth management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of WH Ireland Group Plc (LON: WHI). WHIreland provides discretionary and managed advisory services to individuals, corporates, trusts and funds.