Leonard John Amoruso

Part of Nasdaq, Inc., Nasdaq PHLX LLC is a financial services company based in New York, NY. The company offers a range of trading products, including equities, fixed income, options, and exchange-traded funds. It also provides market data, technical documentation, and regulatory information. Tal Cohen has been the CEO of the company since 2021.

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC provides securities listing, trading and information products and services. The company is headquartered in Rockville, MD.

NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc. provides securities exchange services. It offers electronic and floor-based trading solutions to financial firms, dealers, investment institutions and listed public companies. The firm’s products include automated price improvement; Boston Exchange automated communication and order-routing network, BEACON REMOTE and execution quality report. The company was founded in 1834 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.

Founded in 1995, Knight Equity Markets LP is a broker/dealer located in Jersey City, New Jersey. The firm is a subsidiary of Knight Capital Group, Inc. (NYSE Euronext: KCG), a leading market maker providing liquidity both on- and off-exchange in US and European equities, options and foreign exchange. Knight Equity Markets provides a full array of trading and execution services for their clients. They do not provide any internal research

Virtu Americas LLC is an SEC-registered broker/dealer headquartered in New York City and was founded in 2012. The firm is a direct subsidiary of Virtu Strategic Holdings LLC and their ultimate parent is Virtu Financial, Inc. (NASDAQ: VIRT). Virtu provides brokerage services to their clients.

Direct Edge Holdings LLC operates an electronic communication network for trading financial products. It trades all listed U.S. equities with a market share in the, the company regularly trades shares, fluctuating with the overall market volume. It operates two separate platforms, EDGA Exchange and EDGX Exchange. The EDGA Exchange is a low cost exchange with a taker and maker pricing model. The EDGX Exchange is an exchange with maker and taker pricing model offering high rebates for liquidity providers. The company was founded in 1998 and is headquartered in Jersey City, NJ.

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. engages in the provision of securities regulation, complementary compliance, and technology-based services. Its services include writing and enforcing rules governing the activities of securities firms with brokers, examining firms for compliance with those rules, fostering market transparency, and educating investors. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in Washington, DC.

Knight Capital Group, Inc. is a global financial services firm, which provides access to the capital markets across multiple asset classes to a broad network of clients, including buy and sell side firms, dealers, brokers, institutions, and corporations. It operates business through four segments: Market Making, Institutional Sales and Trading, Electronic Execution Services and Corporate and Other. The Market Making segment consists of market making in global equities and listed domestic options. It includes client, and to a lesser extent, non-client electronic market making activities in which they operate as a market maker in equity securities. The Institutional Sales and Trading segment includes global equity, exchange traded funds and fixed income sales and trading; reverse mortgage origination and securitization; capital markets; and asset management activities. Its business consists of execution and facilitation equities and fixed income transactions as agent on behalf of institutional clients, and they commit capital on behalf of its clients when needed. The Electronic Execution Services segment offers access via its electronic agency-based platforms to markets and self-directed trading in equities, equity options, fixed income, foreign exchange and futures contracts. The Corporate and Other segment invests in strategic financial services-oriented opportunities, allocates, deploys and monitors all capital, and maintains corporate overhead expenses and all other income and expenses that are not attributable to the other segments. The company was founded in 1995 and is headquartered in Jersey City, NJ.